Yod posle 50 let: polza i bezopasnost
Yod - neobkhodimyy mikroelement, trebuyemyy dlya sinteza gormonov shchitovidnoy zhelezy, kotoryye reguliruyut metabolizm, produktsiyu energii, temperaturu tela i funktsiy organov po vsemu organizmu. Dostatochnoye potrebleniye yoda osobenno vazhno dlya vzroslykh staRshe 50 let - gruppy, stalkivayushcheysya s osobymi problemami: menyayushcheysya funktsiyey shchitovidnoy zhelezy, izmeneniyami v tom, kak pitatelnyye veshchestva vsasyvayutsya, i bolshey veroyatnostyu priyoma lekarstv, vzaimodeystvuyushchikh s statusom yoda.
Vozrastniye potrebnosti v yode
Rekomenduemoe dietarnoye potrebleniye yoda ne menyayetsya dramaticheski posle 50 let po sravneniyu s molodymi vzroslymi. Odnako posledstviya kak defitsita, tak i izbytka mogut byt boleye vyrazhennymi u pozhilykh vzroslykh. Shchitovidnaya zheleza stanovitsya neskol'ko meneye effektivnoy s vozrastom, i rasprostranYonnost subklinicheskikh narusheniy - vklyuchaya gipotireoz - uvelichivayet sya posle srednego vozrasta. Dostatochnyy yod neobkhodim dlya podderzkhaniya sinteza gormonov shchitovidnoy zhelezy, no okno mezhdu defitsitom i izbytkom mozhet byt uze u pozhilykh vzroslykh s sushchestvuyushchimi uzlami shchitovidnoy zhelezy ili subklinicheskoy disfunktsiyey.
Populyatsionnoye issledovaniye pokazalo, chto status yoda znachitelno varies sredi pozhilykh vzroslykh populyatsiy i chto kak nizkiy, tak i vysokiy uroven yoda v moche byl svyazan s anomaliyami shchitovidnoy zhelezy (Vejbjerg et al., 2009). Eto podcherkivayet vazhnost pravilnogo ispolzovaniya yoda, a ne prosto maksimizatsii potrebleniya.
Izmeneniya vsasyvaniya s vozrastom
Yod preimushchestvenno vsasyvaetsya v tonkoy kishke i v obshchem effektivno vsasyvaetsya dazhe u pozhilykh vzroslykh. Odnako neskolko vozrastnykh faktorov mogut kosvenno vliyat na status yoda:
- Snizhennaya produktsiya zheludochnoy kisloty (gipokhlorgidriia): Stanovitsya bolee rasprostranennoy posle 50 let. Khotya vsasyvaniye samogo yoda ne silno zavisit ot zheludochnoy kisloty, gipokhlorgidriia vliyayet na obshcheye vsasyvaniye pitatelynykh veshchestv.
- Izmeneniya pishchevykh privychek: Pozhilyye vzroslyye mogut yest menshe moreproduktov i molochnykh produktov - klyuchevykh pishchevykh istochnikov yoda.
- Snizheniye potrebleniya yodirovannyy soli: Poslaniya obshchestvennogo zdravookhraneniya o snizhenii natriya chasto privodjat pozhilykh vzroslykh k upotrebleniyu menshego kolichestva yodirovannoy soli.
Doza i bezopasnost dlya pozhi Lykh
Dlya bolshinstva vzroslykh dopustimyy verkhney predel potrebleniya yoda znachitelno vyshhe rekomenduyemogo dietarnogo kolichestva. Odnako u pozhilykh vzroslykh s uzlami shchitovidnoy zhelezy, istoriyey zabolevany shchitovidnoy zhelezy ili sdvihnuvshikhsya posle perioda yodnogo defitsita k repletion izbytochnyy yod mozhet vyzvat disfunktsiy shchitovidnoy zhelezy - vklyuchaya kak gipotireoz, tak i gipertireoz - yavleniye, inogda nazyvayemoye effektom Volff-Chaykovskogo.
Supplementatsiya v dozakh, blizhnikh k rekomenduyemym (neskol'ko sot mikrogramm v den v makSimumeume), obychno bezopasna dlya zdorovykh pozhilykh vzroslykh bez zabolevaniya shchitovidnoy zhelezy. Ochen vysokikh doz yoda sleduyet izbegat bez meditsinskoy rekomendatsii. Na maxfit.ee OstroVit Iodine Potassium iodide 200mcg 120tabs v kategorii jood obespechyivayet razumnuyu, umerennuyu dozu.
Vzaimodeystviya s lekarstvami
Pozhilyye vzroslyye s bolshey veroyatnostyu prinimauyut neskol'ko lekarstv, nekotoryye iz kotorykh vzaimodeystvuyut s statusom yoda:
- Levotiroksin (zameshhayushchaya terapiya gormonami shchitovidnoy zhelezy): Yesli vy prinimayte levotiroksin pri gipotireoze, status yoda relevantan dlya funktsii shchitovidnoy zhelezy. Ombudete o dobavkakh yoda s vashim vrachom pered nachalom.
- Amiodarone: Eto kardiologicheskoye lekarstvo soderzhit bolshoye kolichestvo yoda na tabletku i uzhe yavlyayetsya znachitelnoy nagruzkoy yoda. Dopolnitelnaya supplementatsiya protivopokazana bez rukovodstva spetsialista.
- Litiy: Ispolzuyemyy pri psikhiatricheskikh sostoyaniyakh, litiy mozhet narushat pogloshcheniye yoda shchitovidnoy zhelezoy i sintez gormonov shchitovidnoy zhelezy. Supplementatsiya yodom vmeste s litiyem trebuyet meditsinskogo nadzora.
Yesli vy prinimayte kakiye-libo retsepto vyye lekarstva, osobenno te, chto vliyayut na serdtse ili shchitovidnuyu zhelezu, obsuditye supplementatsiyu yodom s vashim vrachom pered nachalom.
Kogda supplementirovat
Dlya bolshinstva pozhilykh vzroslykh v regionakh s dostatochnym soderzhanniyem yoda v prodovol'stvennykh zapasakh (vklyuchaya Estoniyu, gde yodirovanaya sol shiroko dostupna i molochnye produkty i moreproduktiy potreblyayutsya) dietarny yod mozhet byt dostatochnym. Supplementatsiya naybolee relevantnaya kogda:
- Pishchevyye istochniki yoda (moreproduktiy, molochnyye produkty, yodirovanaya sol) ogranicheny ili izbeGaYutsya.
- Meditsinsky spetsialist podtverdil deficit cherez testirovanniye yoda v moche.
- Vy privolyayte strogoy rastitelno diete bez vodoroslej ili yodirovannoy soli.
RuTinnaya vysokodoznaya supplementatsiya yodom u pozhilykh vzroslykh bez podtverzhdennogo defitsita obychno ne rekomenduetsya.
ChZV
Pochemu yod vazhneye dlya zdorovya shchitovidnoy zhelezy posle 50 let?
Effektivnost shchitovidnoy zhelezy mozhet menyatsya s vozrastom, i rasprostranYonnost uzlov shchitovidnoy zhelezy i subklinicheskoy disfunktsii uvelichivayet sya posle srednego vozrasta. Kak defitsit, tak i izbytochnyy yod s bolshey veroyatnostyu vyzovut anomalii shchitovidnoy zhelezy u pozhilykh vzroslykh po sravneniyu s molodymi lyudmi (Vejbjerg et al., 2009). Dostizhenniye pravilnogo diapazona - ne slishkom nizkogo, ne slishkom vysoko - stanovitsya boleye vazhnym.
Mozhno li prinimat dobavki yoda pri priyome lekarstv dlya shchitovidnoy zhelezy?
Vam sleduyet prokonsulirovatsya s vashim vrachom pered priyomom dobavok yoda, yesli vy prinimayte kakiye-libo lekarstva dlya shchitovidnoy zhelezy, vklyuchaya levotiroksin. Yod vliyayet na sintez gormonov shchitovidnoy zhelezy, i supplementatsiya mozhet vmeshivatsya v sostoyaniya shchitovidnoy zhelezy, kontroliruyemyye lekarstvami.
Bezopasno li poluchat yod iz dobavok kelp vmesto yodida kaliya?
Kelp (vodorosli) yavlyayutsya estestvennym istochnikom yoda, no soderzhanniye yoda v dobavkakh kelpa enormno varies i chasto ne standartizovano. Nekotoryye produkty kelpa mogut postavlyat ochen vysokiye i nepredskazy myye dozy yoda, chto osobenno riskovanno dlya pozhilykh vzroslykh s zabolevaniyami shchitovidnoy zhelezy. Standartizirovannyye dobavki yodida kaliya, takiye kak OstroVit Iodine Potassium iodide 200mcg 120tabs, obespechy vayut bolee predskazuyemuyu dozirovku i obychno yavlyayutsya bezopasnym vyborom dlya supplementatsii.
Ssylki
Vejbjerg, P., Knudsen, N., Perrild, H., Laurberg, P., Carlé, A., Pedersen, I. B., & Jorgensen, T. (2009). The association between hypoechogenicity or irregular echo pattern at thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function in the general population. European Journal of Endocrinology, 161(3), 475-481.
