What is grape seed extract?
Grape seed extract (GSE) is obtained from the seeds of red grapes, a by-product of winemaking. It is one of the most concentrated natural sources of OPCs (oligomeric proanthocyanidins) (Bagchi et al., 2000). OPCs are polyphenolic compounds found in many plant foods, but grape seeds contain exceptionally high concentrations.
The use of grape seed extract goes back decades. French scientist Jack Masquelier isolated OPCs as early as the 1940s (Masquelier, 1959). Today, GSE is one of the most popular antioxidant supplements in Europe, including in the Nordic countries.
How grape seed extract works
The OPCs in grape seed extract function as potent antioxidants, helping protect cells and tissues from oxidative stress (Shi et al., 2003). Research suggests that OPCs may support blood vessel wall elasticity and integrity by binding to collagen and elastin — proteins that play an important role in connective tissue structure (Tixier et al., 1984).
Additionally, GSE has been studied in relation to reducing capillary permeability and supporting venous function (Henriet, 1993), making it especially interesting for people who spend long periods standing or sitting.
Evidence and benefits
Currently there are no EU-approved specific health claims for grape seed extract (EFSA). However, research suggests several potential benefits:
- Multiple studies have shown that GSE may support healthy circulation and venous function (Henriet, 1993)
- Antioxidant activity is well documented in both laboratory and clinical studies (Bagchi et al., 2000; Shi et al., 2003)
- Some research points to positive effects on skin elasticity and age-related changes (Cosmo et al., 2007)
- Preliminary studies have examined GSE's effects on blood pressure, but results are initial (Feringa et al., 2011)
- Laboratory studies have demonstrated the ability of OPCs to support collagen structure (Tixier et al., 1984)
Clinical evidence is strongest in the areas of circulation and venous health, but larger confirmatory studies are still needed.
How to take grape seed extract
GSE is available as capsules and tablets. Standardised extracts typically contain 90–95% OPCs. Dosages commonly used in research are 100–300 mg per day, with some studies using up to 600 mg (Feringa et al., 2011).
GSE is water-soluble and can be taken with or without food. Morning intake is a popular choice, as it provides maximum protection throughout the day.
Who should consider it
- People who spend long periods standing or sitting (e.g., office workers)
- Those looking for circulation and venous health support
- Individuals interested in antioxidant protection
- People concerned about skin health and elasticity
- Those wanting to boost their polyphenol intake
Consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement. This is especially important for people taking blood-thinning medications.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between GSE and resveratrol? Both come from grapes but contain different active compounds. GSE is rich in OPCs, while resveratrol is a polyphenol from the stilbene family. They complement each other well.
Is GSE safe for people with allergies? Grape seed extract does not contain common allergens, but those with grape allergies should exercise caution. Consult your doctor.
Does GSE affect blood pressure? Some studies suggest a modest effect on blood pressure (Feringa et al., 2011). Those taking blood pressure medications should consult their doctor.
How long should GSE be used? Studies have typically used GSE for 8–16 weeks (Henriet, 1993; Feringa et al., 2011). Long-term use appears safe based on available research.
Can GSE be combined with vitamin C? Yes, this is a popular combination. Vitamin C and OPCs work synergistically to provide antioxidant protection (Vinson et al., 2001).
References
- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S.J., Das, D.K., Ray, S.D., Kuszynski, C.A., Joshi, S.S., Pruess, H.G. (2000). Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology, 148(2-3), 187–197.
- Cosmo, S., De Ferrara, F., DePellegrina, A.T. (2007). Grape seed extract polyphenols: effects on skin aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 6(2), 120–125.
- Feringa, H.H., Laskey, D.A., Dickson, J.E., Coleman, C.I. (2011). The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(8), 1173–1181.
- Henriet, J.P. (1993). Veno-lymphatic insufficiency: 4,729 patients undergoing hormonal and procyanidol oligomer therapy. Phlebologie, 46(2), 313–325.
- Masquelier, J. (1959). The bactericidal action of certain phenolics of grapes and wine. The pharmacology of plant phenolics, Academic Press, New York.
- Shi, J., Yu, J., Pohorly, J.E., Kakuda, Y. (2003). Polyphenolics in grape seeds — biochemistry and functionality. Journal of Medicinal Food, 6(4), 291–299.
- Tixier, J.M., Godeau, G., Robert, A.M., Hornebeck, W. (1984). Evidence by in vivo and in vitro studies that binding of pycnogenols to elastin affects its rate of degradation by elastases. Biochemical Pharmacology, 33(24), 3933–3939.
- Vinson, J.A., Proch, J., Bose, P. (2001). MegaNatural Gold grapeseed extract: in vitro antioxidant and in vivo human supplementation studies. Journal of Medicinal Food, 4(1), 17–26.
See also:
- Resveratrol: A Grape-Derived Polyphenol
- Vitamin C Megadose: Myth vs Reality
- CoQ10: Key to Energy and Heart Health
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Disclaimer
A food supplement is not a substitute for a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.
