Question 1

What is collagen?

Accepted Answer

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, accounting for approximately 30% of total body protein. It is a structural protein found in skin, bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and blood vessel walls. Over 28 types of collagen have been identified. The types most commonly found in supplements are: Type I — the most prevalent, found in skin, bones, tendons, and connective tissue Type II — found primarily in cartilage Type III — found in skin, blood vessel walls, and internal organs Raw material sources: Bovine collagen — derived from cowhide and bones, contains primarily type I and type III collagen Marine collagen — derived from fish skin and scales, contains primarily type I collagen Chicken collagen — derived from chicken sternum cartilage, contains primarily type II collagen Hydrolysed vs native collagen: Hydrolysed collagen (collagen peptides) — collagen that has been enzymatically broken down into smaller peptides that dissolve easily in liquids Native (undenatured) collagen — collagen that retains its natural structure, typically used in smaller doses Collagen supplements are widely available and popular across the Nordic countries, including Estonia.

Question 2

How does it work?

Accepted Answer

The body naturally produces collagen using amino acids obtained from food. Collagen synthesis requires specific amino acids — primarily glycine, proline, and lysine — as well as co-factors such as vitamin C. When collagen is consumed as a hydrolysed supplement, it is broken down in the digestive tract into peptides and amino acids, which are then absorbed from the small intestine into the bloodstream. Hydrolysed collagen (collagen peptides) has been broken down into smaller molecules that are water-soluble and more readily processed in the digestive system. It is important to note that collagen has no EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) approved health claims. This means that no general health claims — such as improving skin elasticity, reducing joint discomfort, or strengthening hair — may be made about collagen supplements in the EU.

Question 3

What does collagen contain?

Accepted Answer

Collagen has a unique amino acid composition that distinguishes it from most other proteins: Glycine — accounts for approximately 33% of collagen's amino acids, making it the most abundant amino acid in collagen Proline — accounts for approximately 10-12% of amino acids Hydroxyproline — a unique amino acid found almost exclusively in collagen, accounting for approximately 10% of amino acids Alanine — accounts for approximately 8-10% of amino acids Collagen also contains smaller amounts of arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and other amino acids. For context, collagen is relatively low in essential amino acids such as tryptophan, which is why it is not considered a complete protein source. Both marine and bovine collagen contain primarily glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, although their precise amino acid profiles may vary slightly depending on the source.

Question 4

How to take it?

Accepted Answer

General usage guidelines: Always follow the recommended daily serving stated on the label — do not exceed it Collagen powder is typically mixed into water, coffee, tea, or smoothies Collagen dissolves in both hot and cold liquids, though it dissolves faster in hot liquids Timing is flexible — choose a convenient time that helps you remember to take it consistently Some people prefer taking it in the morning as part of their coffee or breakfast, others in the evening Capsules can be taken with water regardless of meal timing Practical tips: Unflavoured collagen powder is nearly tasteless, making it compatible with many drinks and foods Start with the recommended dose and follow the label instructions Store in a cool, dry place

Question 5

Who uses collagen supplements?

Accepted Answer

Collagen supplements are used by a range of people for various reasons: Athletes and physically active individuals — as an additional protein source with a specific amino acid profile Older adults — the body's natural collagen production decreases with age, making this a popular choice among this age group Beauty-conscious consumers — collagen has become a popular beauty supplement People seeking a specific amino acid profile — collagen's unique glycine- and proline-rich composition distinguishes it from other protein supplements In Estonia and across Scandinavia, collagen supplements have become increasingly popular in recent years, available in health stores, pharmacies, and online shops. Note: Before starting any supplement, it is advisable to consult a doctor, particularly if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications.

Collagen: A Complete Overview